The first thing I notice is you don’t mention backups at all. If your data is important to you, you should backburner sync and get your backup strategy defined and running first. And no, sync is not a backup.
2. Ensure iCloud backup is completed. This feature is toggled on already, but is there a way to determine when iCloud backup is completed?
That would be an Apple question, but no.
Entering the password there didn’t do anything and the prompt just appeared again a few seconds later.
Things aren’t going to magically start syncing when you connect to a sync location. Sync is always optional. You need to decise what syncs and what doesn’t. That’s not a decision for software to make.
Once you have a sync method chosen, and the sync location set up, you need to select it and enable the desired databases to sync. And I suggest you don’t just sync everything because you can; determine your actual mobile needs and sync with that in mind.
A. iCloud (CloudKit)
- I wouldn’t be using a remote sync option if you have Internet issues.
- I wouldn’t use CloudKit, if I actually needed to use a remote sync option.
There is a forum post on syncing: Sync Types Explained. This is a good place to start.
There is also one specifically about Bonjour: Bonjour Simplified